Newcastle disease virus-induced autophagy mediates antiapoptotic signaling responses in vitro and in vivo.
Identifieur interne : 000787 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000786; suivant : 000788Newcastle disease virus-induced autophagy mediates antiapoptotic signaling responses in vitro and in vivo.
Auteurs : Yinfeng Kang [République populaire de Chine] ; Runyu Yuan [République populaire de Chine] ; Bin Xiang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaqiong Zhao [République populaire de Chine] ; Pei Gao [République populaire de Chine] ; Xu Dai [République populaire de Chine] ; Ming Liao [République populaire de Chine] ; Tao Ren [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Oncotarget [ 1949-2553 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. NDV-infected and starvation-induced chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cells showed higher autophagosome formation than mock-infected CEF cells on transmission electron microscopy. The NDV-infected CEF cells showed enhanced conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to LC3-II and degradation of p62/SQSTM1. The diminished conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and cleaved caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in ultraviolet-inactivated NDV-infected cells suggested that autophagosome formation was necessary for NDV replication. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) enhanced apoptosis resulting in increased cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP and AnnexinV/propidium iodide staining. Autophagy induction by rapamycin resulted in upregulation of all autophagy-related genes except Beclin 1, anti-apoptosis factors, and proinflammatory cytokines in the NDV-infected spleen and lung tissues. Subsequently, decreased apoptosis was observed in NDV-infected spleens and lungs than mock-infected organs. The pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK promoted conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, the degradation of p62/SQSTM1, NDV replication and cell viability by inhibiting apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that apoptosis inhibition enhances autophagy and promoted cell survival and NDV replication.
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18169
PubMed: 29088762
PubMed Central: PMC5650317
Affiliations:
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Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510060</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Runyu" sort="Yuan, Runyu" uniqKey="Yuan R" first="Runyu" last="Yuan">Runyu 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Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Pei" sort="Gao, Pei" uniqKey="Gao P" first="Pei" last="Gao">Pei Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dai, Xu" sort="Dai, Xu" uniqKey="Dai X" 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uniqKey="Kang Y" first="Yinfeng" last="Kang">Yinfeng Kang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510060</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Runyu" sort="Yuan, Runyu" uniqKey="Yuan R" first="Runyu" last="Yuan">Runyu Yuan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, 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510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Xiaqiong" sort="Zhao, Xiaqiong" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xiaqiong" last="Zhao">Xiaqiong Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Pei" sort="Gao, Pei" uniqKey="Gao P" first="Pei" last="Gao">Pei Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dai, Xu" sort="Dai, Xu" uniqKey="Dai X" first="Xu" last="Dai">Xu Dai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liao, Ming" sort="Liao, Ming" uniqKey="Liao M" first="Ming" last="Liao">Ming Liao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Tao" sort="Ren, Tao" uniqKey="Ren T" first="Tao" last="Ren">Tao Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>510642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Oncotarget</title><idno type="eISSN">1949-2553</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. NDV-infected and starvation-induced chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cells showed higher autophagosome formation than mock-infected CEF cells on transmission electron microscopy. The NDV-infected CEF cells showed enhanced conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to LC3-II and degradation of p62/SQSTM1. The diminished conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and cleaved caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in ultraviolet-inactivated NDV-infected cells suggested that autophagosome formation was necessary for NDV replication. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) enhanced apoptosis resulting in increased cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP and AnnexinV/propidium iodide staining. Autophagy induction by rapamycin resulted in upregulation of all autophagy-related genes except Beclin 1, anti-apoptosis factors, and proinflammatory cytokines in the NDV-infected spleen and lung tissues. Subsequently, decreased apoptosis was observed in NDV-infected spleens and lungs than mock-infected organs. The pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK promoted conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, the degradation of p62/SQSTM1, NDV replication and cell viability by inhibiting apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that apoptosis inhibition enhances autophagy and promoted cell survival and NDV replication.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29088762</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1949-2553</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>8</Volume><Issue>43</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>26</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Oncotarget</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Oncotarget</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Newcastle disease virus-induced autophagy mediates antiapoptotic signaling responses <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>73981-73993</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.18632/oncotarget.18169</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. NDV-infected and starvation-induced chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cells showed higher autophagosome formation than mock-infected CEF cells on transmission electron microscopy. The NDV-infected CEF cells showed enhanced conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to LC3-II and degradation of p62/SQSTM1. The diminished conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and cleaved caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in ultraviolet-inactivated NDV-infected cells suggested that autophagosome formation was necessary for NDV replication. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) enhanced apoptosis resulting in increased cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP and AnnexinV/propidium iodide staining. Autophagy induction by rapamycin resulted in upregulation of all autophagy-related genes except Beclin 1, anti-apoptosis factors, and proinflammatory cytokines in the NDV-infected spleen and lung tissues. Subsequently, decreased apoptosis was observed in NDV-infected spleens and lungs than mock-infected organs. The pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK promoted conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, the degradation of p62/SQSTM1, NDV replication and cell viability by inhibiting apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that apoptosis inhibition enhances autophagy and promoted cell survival and NDV replication.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kang</LastName><ForeName>Yinfeng</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yuan</LastName><ForeName>Runyu</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xiang</LastName><ForeName>Bin</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Xiaqiong</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Pei</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dai</LastName><ForeName>Xu</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liao</LastName><ForeName>Ming</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ren</LastName><ForeName>Tao</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Oncotarget</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101532965</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1949-2553</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Newcastle disease virus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">apoptosis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">autophagy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">relationship</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">replication</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare that no competing interests exist.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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sort="Yuan, Runyu" uniqKey="Yuan R" first="Runyu" last="Yuan">Runyu Yuan</name><name sortKey="Zhao, Xiaqiong" sort="Zhao, Xiaqiong" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xiaqiong" last="Zhao">Xiaqiong Zhao</name><name sortKey="Zhao, Xiaqiong" sort="Zhao, Xiaqiong" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xiaqiong" last="Zhao">Xiaqiong Zhao</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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